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glossary

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  • Avelox

    (A-veh-lox)

    A drug used to treat bacterial infections. It is a type of fluoroquinolone. Also called moxifloxacin and moxifloxacin hydrochloride.

  • Avoidance

    (uh-VOY-dunts)

    The act of staying away from people, places, and thoughts that may cause anxiety, pain, or unpleasant feelings. Some types of cancer-related avoidance include refusing to accept a cancer diagnosis or get treatment, and using alcohol or other drugs to forget about having cancer.

  • Axillary

    (AK-sih-LAYR-ee)

    Pertaining to the armpit area, including the lymph nodes that are located there.

  • B cell

    (... sel)

    A type of white blood cell that makes antibodies. B cells are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Also called B lymphocyte.

  • B–cell ALL

    (... sel ...)

    B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. An aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many B-cell lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the bone marrow and blood. It is the most common type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Also called B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia and precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia.

  • B lymphocytes

    (... LIM-foh-sites)

    A type of white blood cell that makes antibodies. B lymphocytes are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Also called B cell.

  • Bacteria

    (bak-TEER-ee-uh)

    A large group of single-cell microorganisms. Some cause infections and disease in animals and humans. The singular of bacteria is bacterium.

  • Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

    (BEK-with-VEE-deh-mahn SIN-drome)

    A rare, overgrowth disorder in which babies are large at birth and may develop low blood sugar. Other common symptoms are a large tongue, large internal organs, and defects of the abdominal wall near the navel. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome increases the risk of developing certain cancers, especially Wilms tumor.

  • Benign

    (beh-NINE)

    Not malignant or cancerous.

  • Benzodiazepine

    (BEN-zoh-dy-A-zeh-peen)

    A type of drug used to relieve anxiety and insomnia (trouble sleeping). Benzodiazepines are also used to relax muscles and prevent seizures. They increase the effect of a chemical in the brain called GABA, which is a neurotransmitter (a substance that nerves use to send messages to one another). This causes brain activity to slow down. Benzodiazepines are a type of CNS depressant.