Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are procedures used to take samples of bone marrow for testing. Bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue inside most bones.
Bone marrow works like a blood cell factory. It makes blood-forming (hematopoietic) stem cells that develop into:
Bone marrow has a liquid part and a more solid part. In a bone marrow aspiration, a small sample of liquid bone marrow is removed using a thin, hollow needle attached to a syringe. During a bone marrow biopsy, the care team will insert a larger needle into the same area to remove a small piece of bone tissue with enclosed marrow.
Many patients will have a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy at the same time.
Bone marrow tests may be used to:
Your child may also have general anesthesia or sedation medicines during the procedure. Be sure your child follows fasting guidelines, or rules for eating and drinking before having the test.
Steps of a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy usually include:
Samples are usually taken from the hipbone. If both an aspiration and biopsy are done, a separate needle is used for each procedure. The biopsy is usually done right before or after the aspiration. The total time for both procedures is usually about 30 minutes.
A member of your child’s care team will update you about the procedure after it is completed. If your child had general anesthesia or sedation, they will spend time in a recovery area.
Your child may have soreness at the biopsy site. Most patients can return to usual activities after 24 hours.
Your care team will let you know:
Contact your care team if you notice any problems or signs of infection, including:
The bone marrow samples will be sent to a lab for testing. A member of your care team will discuss the results with you.
Your care team tries to make sure the procedure is as safe as possible. Possible risks or complications of a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy include:
Discuss any concerns with your care team.
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Reviewed: August 2024
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