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Learn MoreHemolytic anemia is a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed. That means they are removed from the bloodstream sooner than they should be. The destruction of these red blood cells causes anemia (low red blood cell levels).
A red blood cell normally lives for about 120 days (about 4 months. In children with hemolytic anemia, the red blood cells live for only 30 days (about 4 and a half weeks) or less.
The breakdown of red blood cells is called hemolysis.
Most hemolytic anemias are inherited. This means the disease is passed down from parent to child. But your child could also be the first person in the family to have this problem.
It is possible that your child might pass it on to their children.
Your child’s care team may order a complete blood cell test (CBC) or genetic tests to diagnose hemolytic anemia.
This means the red blood cell count is lower than normal. If your child develops an infection such as a cold or virus, anemia can get worse. Your child may need to see the doctor. In rare cases, your child might need a blood transfusion.
When the red blood cells break down, some of the cell contents are changed into bilirubin. An increase in bilirubin causes jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Jaundice may appear to get worse when your child is sick.
The spleen is an organ on the left side of the body under the ribcage. It is about the size of a fist. It helps the body:
Abnormal blood cells can get trapped in the spleen. They break down. This causes the spleen to grow. If needed, the spleen can be removed by surgery (splenectomy). Removing the spleen can improve the red blood cell count.
Before surgery to remove your child’s spleen, your child’s care team may want to ensure they are up to date on their needed vaccines.
Gallstones are made of bilirubin. Some children develop them. They might need their gallbladder removed by surgery if the stones cause stomach pain or other symptoms.
No medicine can make the red blood cells become normal again. Most children will do fine without any treatment. But some need blood transfusions or a splenectomy.
Reach out if your child:
Your child may need a blood count test to check red blood cell levels.
Call your child’s care team if you have questions or concerns. They are available to help you.
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Reviewed: August 2022