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Glossary

Showing 231-240 out of 1184 Terms

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  • Clinical study

    (KLIH-nih-kul STUH-dee)

    A type of research study that tests how well new medical approaches work in people. These studies test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. Also called clinical trial.

  • Clinical trial

    KLIH-nih-kul TRY-ul

    A type of research study that tests how well new medical approaches work in people. These studies test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. Also called clinical study.

  • Clinical trial phase

    (KLIH-nih-kul TRY-ul fayz)

    A part of the clinical research process that answers specific questions about whether treatments that are being studied work and are safe. Phase I trials test the best way to give a new treatment and the best dose. Phase II trials test whether a new treatment has an effect on the disease. Phase III trials compare the results of people taking a new treatment with the results of people taking the standard treatment. Phase IV trials are done using thousands of people after a treatment has been approved and marketed, to check for side effects that were not seen in the phase III trial.

  • Clinical trial sponsor

    (KLIH-nih-kul TRY-ul SPON-ser)

    A person, company, institution, group, or organization that oversees or pays for a clinical trial and collects and analyzes the data. Also called trial sponsor.

  • Clinician

    (klih-NIH-shun)

    A health professional who takes care of patients.

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

    (KOG-nih-tiv beh-HAY-vyer THAYR-uh-pee)

    A type of psychotherapy that helps patients change their behavior by changing the way they think and feel about certain things. It is used to treat mental, emotional, personality, and behavioral disorders. Also called CBT and cognitive therapy.

  • Cohort

    (KOH-hort)

    A group of individuals who share a common trait, such as birth year. In medicine, a cohort is a group that is part of a clinical trial or study and is observed over a period of time.

  • Cohort study

    (KOH-hort STUH-dee)

    A research study that compares a particular outcome (such as lung cancer) in groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke compared with those who do not smoke).

  • Collagen

    (KAH-luh-jen)

    A fibrous protein found in cartilage and other connective tissue.

  • Colon

    (KOH-lun)

    The longest part of the large intestine, which is a tube-like organ connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other. The colon removes water and some nutrients and electrolytes from partially digested food. The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colon to the rectum and leaves the body through the anus.