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Glossary

Showing 221-230 out of 1156 Terms

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  • Cirrhosis

    (seh-ROH-sis)

    A type of chronic, progressive liver disease in which liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.

  • Cisplatin

    sis-PLA-tin

    A drug used to treat certain types of bladder, ovarian, and testicular cancer. It is used in patients whose cancer cannot be treated with or has not gotten better with other anticancer treatment. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Cisplatin contains the metal platinum. It kills cancer cells by damaging their DNA and stopping them from dividing. Cisplatin is a type of DNA crosslinking agent. The brand name Platinol has been taken off the market and is no longer available.

  • Clinical

    (KLIH-nih-kul)

    In general, pertaining to observation and treatment of patients.

  • Clinical researcher

    (KLIH-nih-kul REE-ser-cher)

    A health professional who works directly with patients, or uses data from patients, to do research on health and disease and to develop new treatments. Clinical researchers may also do research on how health care practices affect health and disease.

  • Clinical resistance

    (KLIH-nih-kul reh-ZIH-stunts)

    The failure of a cancer to shrink after treatment.

  • Clinical series

    (KLIH-nih-kul SEER-eez)

    A case series in which the patients receive treatment in a clinic or other medical facility.

  • Clinical stage

    (KLIH-nih-kul STAY-jing)

    The stage of cancer (amount or spread of cancer in the body) that is based on tests that are done before surgery. These include physical exams, imaging tests, laboratory tests (such as blood tests), and biopsies.

  • Clinical study

    (KLIH-nih-kul STUH-dee)

    A type of research study that tests how well new medical approaches work in people. These studies test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. Also called clinical trial.

  • Clinical trial

    KLIH-nih-kul TRY-ul

    A type of research study that tests how well new medical approaches work in people. These studies test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. Also called clinical study.

  • Clinical trial phase

    (KLIH-nih-kul TRY-ul fayz)

    A part of the clinical research process that answers specific questions about whether treatments that are being studied work and are safe. Phase I trials test the best way to give a new treatment and the best dose. Phase II trials test whether a new treatment has an effect on the disease. Phase III trials compare the results of people taking a new treatment with the results of people taking the standard treatment. Phase IV trials are done using thousands of people after a treatment has been approved and marketed, to check for side effects that were not seen in the phase III trial.