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Glossary

Showing 201-210 out of 1156 Terms

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  • Chemotherapy

    (KEE-moh-THAYR-uh-pee)

    Treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Chemotherapy may be given by mouth, injection, or infusion, or on the skin, depending on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. It may be given alone or with other treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or biologic therapy.

  • Chest wall

    The muscles, bones, and joints that make up the area of the body between the neck and the abdomen.

  • Child life specialist

    ... SPEH-shuh-list

    A health care professional who is trained in the emotional and developmental needs of children. The child life specialist helps children and their families understand medical issues and gives psychological and emotional support.

  • Childhood cancer

    ... KAN-ser

    A term used to describe cancers that occur between birth and 15 years of age. Childhood cancers are very rare and may differ from adult cancers in the way they grow and spread, how they are treated, and how they respond to treatment. Common types of childhood cancer include leukemia (begins in blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow), lymphoma (begins in the cells of the immune system), neuroblastoma (begins in certain nerve cells), retinoblastoma (begins in the tissues of the retina), Wilms tumor (a type of kidney cancer), and cancers of the brain, bone, and soft tissue.

  • Childhood cancer risk group

    (... KAN-ser risk groop)

    A group of children with cancer that has been formed based on certain characteristics of the children and their disease. These may include age at diagnosis, stage of cancer, and cancer biology. Risk groups may also be based on the chance of being cured or the chance that the cancer will come back. Childhood cancer risk groups are used to plan treatment and follow-up care for certain types of cancer, such as neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Risk groups may be described as low risk, intermediate risk, or high risk.

  • Children's Oncology Group

    A group of clinical cancer research organizations that get support from the National Cancer Institute to study childhood cancers. The main goal of Children's Oncology Group is to conduct clinical trials of new treatments for childhood and adolescent cancers at cancer centers in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. Also called COG.

  • Chimeric antigen receptor

    (ky-MEER-ik AN-tih-jen reh-SEP-ter)

    A special receptor created in the laboratory that is designed to bind to certain proteins on cancer cells. The chimeric antigen receptor is then added to immune cells called T cells. This helps the T cells find and kill cancer cells that have the specific protein that the receptor is designed to bind. These changed T cells called chimeric antigen receptor T cells are then grown in large numbers in the laboratory and given to cancer patients.

  • Cholesterol

    (koh-LES-teh-rol)

    A waxy, fat-like substance made in the liver, and found in the blood and in all cells of the body. Cholesterol is important for good health and is needed for making cell walls, tissues, hormones, vitamin D, and bile acid. Cholesterol also comes from eating foods taken from animals such as egg yolks, meat, and whole-milk dairy products. Too much cholesterol in the blood may build up in blood vessel walls, block blood flow to tissues and organs, and increase the risk of developing heart disease and stroke.

  • Choline magnesium trisalicylate

    (KOH-leen mag-NEE-see-um TRY-suh-LIH-sih-LAYT)

    A substance used to treat arthritis and relieve pain, inflammation, and fever.

  • Chromosome

    (KROH-muh-some)

    Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes.