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glossary

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  • Shot

    An injection of a drug, immunizing substance, nutrient, or medicament.

  • Shunt

    In medicine, a passage that is made to allow blood or other fluid to move from one part of the body to another. For example, a surgeon may implant a tube to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to the abdomen. A surgeon may also change normal blood flow by making a passage that leads from one blood vessel to another.

  • Shunts

    (shunts)

    In medicine, passages made to allow blood or other fluid to move from one part of the body to another. For example, a surgeon may implant a tube to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to the abdomen. A surgeon may also change normal blood flow by making a passage that leads from one blood vessel to another.

  • Sibling

    A persons brother or sister who has the same parents.

  • Sickle cell disease

    An inherited disease in which the red blood cells have an abnormal crescent shape, block small blood vessels, and do not last as long as normal red blood cells. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation (change) in one of the genes for hemoglobin (the substance inside red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it from the lungs to the tissues). It is most common in people of West and Central African descent. Also called sickle cell anemia.

  • Side effects

    Problems caused by cancer treatments. Two people with the same cancer and even the same treatments may not have the same side effects. Your doctor can tell you what happens to most people but can't say for certain what will happen to you. Not having side effects doesn't mean that the treatment isn't working. Tell your children what the doctor has told you, and promise to tell them if you start to feel the effects of the treatment.

  • Signaling pathway

    (SIG-nuh-ling …)

    Describes a group of molecules in a cell that work together to control one or more cell functions, such as cell division or cell death. After the first molecule in a pathway receives a signal, it activates another molecule. This process is repeated until the last molecule is activated and the cell function is carried out. Abnormal activation of signaling pathways can lead to cancer, and drugs are being developed to block these pathways. These drugs may help block cancer cell growth and kill cancer cells.

  • Simulation

    (SIM-yoo-LAY-shun)

    In cancer treatment, a process used to plan radiation therapy so that the target area is precisely located and marked.

  • Sinuses

    Hollow spaces in the bones of your head.

  • Skin graft

    (skin graft)

    Skin that is moved from one part of the body to another.